Separation and structural elucidation of C25 epimers of furostanol saponin from aerial parts of Paris polyphylla var. chinensis / 中国中药杂志

Paris polyphylla var. chinensis(PPC) is used as one of the origin plants of Paridis Rhizoma described in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020 edition). Its resources shortage makes the planting scale gradually expand, and plenty of aerial parts are abandoned because of not being effectively used. On the basis of previous research, this study separated steroidal saponins to further clarify the chemical composition of the aerial parts of PPC. As a result, three pairs of 25R or 25S epimers of furostanol saponins were obtained by various column chromatography techniques. Their structures were identified as neosolanigroside Y6(1), solanigroside Y6(2), neoprotogracillin(3), protogracillin(4), neoprotodioscin(5) and protodioscin(6) by spectral data combining with chemical transformation. Compound 1 is a new compound, and compounds 2, 3 and 5 are isolated from Paris plants for the first time. Compounds 4 and 6 are isolated from this plant for the first time. Previously, only several spirostanol glycosides with 25S configuration were isolated from Paris plants. Guided by mass spectrometry, the present study isolated the furostanol saponins with 25S configuration from this genus for the first time, which further enriches the chemical information of Paris genus and provides a reference for the isolation of similar compounds.

Main chemical constituents in aerial parts of Glycyrrhiza uralensis by UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap-MS / 中国中药杂志

Chemical constituents from aerial parts of Glycyrrhiza uralensis were analyzed and identified using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap-MS). The chromatographic column of Waters Acquity UPLC BEH-C_(18)(2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.7 μm) was adopted, with acetonitrile-water(0.5% formic acid) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.2 mL·min~(-1). Data was collected in positive and negative modes of electrospray ionization(ESI). A total of 55 compounds, including 42 flavonoids, 9 stilbenes, 2 coumarins, 1 lignin and 1 phenolic acid, which were characterized in the aerial parts of G. uralensis based on accurate molecular mass information of molecular and product ions provided by UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap-MS based on comparison with standard substances and references. It is an effective and accurate method to provide chemical information of constituents in aerial parts of G. uralensis, and can provide a reference for further study on pharmacodynamic material basis and resources development and utilization.

Safety evaluation of polysaccharides isolated from the water extract of Argemone mexicana L. (Papaveraceae) in Drosophila melanogaster

Recently, the plant polysaccharides have attracted attention due to their important bioactivities. The literature hasshown several pharmacological activities of Argemone mexicana extracts and its components but very few dataon its polysaccharides. The current study aimed to evaluate the safety of polysaccharides from A. mexicana. Fivepolysaccharides [High molecular weight (polysaccharide fraction) of the water extract from Argemone mexicana 1( HMAm1), HMAm2, HMAm3, HMAmA1, and HMAmA2] were fractionated from A. mexicana aerial parts by usingaccelerated solvent extractor procedure followed by ion exchange chromatography of the water decoction extract.The safety assay was carried out using Drosophila melanogaster exposed to the polysaccharides at 12.5 and 25 µg/ml for 72 hours against a negative control (1% DMSO). After the exposure period, the survival rate and the locomotorcapacity of flies were determined. At the end of 72 hours of treatment, all polysaccharide fractions at both dosespresented a survival percent of more than 94%. In addition, these polysaccharide fractions affected very little thelocomotor performance of the flies. At both doses, HMAm2 presented the highest safety for the flies, while HMAm3was the least. These findings revealed that polysaccharides from A. mexicana are nontoxic.

Determination of britanin content in different parts of Inula linariifolia Turcz by HPLC / 药学实践杂志

Obejctive To determine and compare britanin content in dried aerial parts and capitulum of Inula linariifolia Turcz from 7 different origins by HPLC. Methods Analysis was performed on Agilent Zorbax SB C18 (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm). Acetonitrile and water were used as mobile phase for gradient elution at 1.2 ml/min. Column temperature was 30 ℃ and the detection wavelength at 212 nm. Results The results meet the requirements of the method validation in 2015 edition of Chinese Pharmacopeia. The average britanin content in dried aerial parts of Inula linariifolia Turcz is 0.125% vs 0.732% in capitulum, which is significantly different. Conclusion The established method is simple and convenient. It can be used for quality control of Inula linariifolia Turcz.

Comparison of the Chemical Compositions of Two Different Non-polar Extracts of Heliotropium sudanicum Aerial Parts from Sudan

Aim: Heliotropium (Boraginaceae) is a widely spread genus of plants found in the Central and Northern parts in the Sudan and used for the treatment of inflammations, and rheumatism from ancient times. The aim of this work is to provide answers to impending research questions on compounds present in petroleum ether and n-hexane extracts of the aerial parts of H. sudanicum. Methodology: Phytochemical analysis of plant extracts was performed by using Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometer. Various constituents were identified after matching their mass fragmentation pattern with data available in Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometer library of National Institute of Standards Technology (NIST). Results: Petroleum ether extract of H. sudanicum was characterized by abundance of 1,6,10,14,18,22- Tetracosahexaen-3-ol, 2,6,10,15,19,23-hexamethyl-, (all-E)- (33.99%), Squalene (20.94%) , Phytol (7.62%) and Hexatriacontane (7.49%). The constituents of the extract were fatty acid derivatives (15.24%), hydrocarbons (8.41%) and terpenoids (28.56%). H. sudanicum n-hexane extract was characterized by abundance of 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)-,methyl ester (15.14%), 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid, methyl ester (14.67%), Cholesterol (11.12%), Fucosterol (10.30%), gamma.-Sitosterol (9.59%) and1,6,10,14,18,22- Tetracosahexaen-3-ol, 2,6,10,15,19,23-hexamethyl-, (all-E)- (7.73%). Conclusion: The resulted compounds in this study provide evidence for the utilization of the plant as alternative natural resource of medicinal and industrial interest. To best of our knowledge this is the first report that directly compares the two extraction solvents for active compounds from Heliotropium sudanicum aerial parts shows that petroleum ether should be the solvent of choice.

Spectrum-effect relationships on enriching blood activities of aerial parts of Angelica sinenis / 中国中药杂志

Ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) was used to establish the chromatography fingerprint for aerial parts of Angelica sinenis(AAS) from 10 different places. Acetyl-phenyl-hydrazine(APH) was used to duplicate the mouse model of blood deficiency. Then partial least squares regression was used to investigate the spectrum-effect relationship between the relative contents and the data of enriching blood pharmacodynamics efficacy. The results showed that the three groups of high, medium and low doses of AAS had certain enriching blood activities(P<0.05), and the high dose group had the best effect(P<0.01). The contribution degree of the AAS to enriching blood activities of each common peaks were determined by PLS regression coefficient. Among them, 7 common peaks, including P17(unknown), P18(unknown), P19(unknown), P28(alisol B 23-acetate or its isomer), N5(luteolin), N11(1-caffeoylquinicacid,1-O-caffeoylquinic acid) and N14(unknown), contributed significantly to the effect of enriching blood activities. This paper dealed with the investigation on the spectrum-effect relationship between enriching blood activities and LC-MS chromatography fingerprint of AAS, and determination of the effective compositions of AAS with enriching blood activities. It provided theoretical foundation for the comprehensive development and utilization of AAS.

Diterpenoid alkaloids in aerial parts of Aconitum transsectum / 中草药

Objective: To study the diterpenoid alkaloids in the aerial parts of Aconitum transsectum. Methods The compounds were isolated and purified by silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 chromatography from the aerial parts of A. transsectum, and the structures were identified by spectral analysis (1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, MS). Results: A total of 16 compounds were isolated from A. transsectum and characterized as longtoaconitine A (1), 14-acethyltalatisamine (2), 8-O-methylsachaconitine (3), talatisamine (4), vilmorrianine D (5), 14-acetylsachaconitine (6), forestine (7), chasmanine (8), crassicausine (9), homochasmanine (10), crassicautine (11), 8-deacetylyunaconitine (12), liljestrandisine (13), vilmorrianine B (14), yunaconitine (15), and isotalatizidine (16). Conclusion: Compounds 1-16 are isolated from aerial parts of A. transsectum for the first time, and compounds 1, 3, 9-11, 13-14, and 16 are isolated from A. transsectum for the first time.

Chemical constituents from the aerial parts of saururus chinensis() / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To study the chemical constituents from the aerial parts of Saururus chinensis. METHODS: The compounds were extracted by supercritical CO2 extraction and isolated by various chromatographic methods, such as silica gel, MCI and pre-HPLC. The structures were elucidated by physico-chemical constants and spectroscopic methods. RESULTS: Fourteen compounds were isolated and identified as N-p-trans-coumaroyltyramine (1), linarin (2), blumenol A (3), mannitol (4), 5,7-dyhydroxyl-3,4′-bimethoxyflavonoids (5), 6,7-dimethoxy-4-hydroxy-1-naphthalene formic acid (6)3-hydroxy-4-methoxy benzoic acid (7), (2R,3R)-2,3-dihydro-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-7-methoxy-3-methylbenzofuran-5-aldehyde (8), (6S,7E)-6-hydroxy-4,7-megastigmadien-3,9-dione (9), veratric acid (10), p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (11), syringaldehyde (12), 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic acid (13) and physcion (14). CONCLUSION: Compounds 1-13 are isolated from this plant for the first time.

Effect and mechanism of aerial parts of Salvia miltiorrhiza effective constituents on glycolipid metabolism of high sugar-induced Drosophila melanogaster metabolic disorder model / 中国中药杂志

To evaluate the effect and mechanism of aerial parts of Salvia miltiorrhiza(SM) on high sugar-induced Drosophila melanogaster metabolic disorder model. The levels of glucose, triglyceride and protein in SM were detected; nymphosis time was recorded, and the reliability of metabolic disorder model as well as the mechanism of aerial parts of SM were evaluated based on metabonomics. The results showed that the levels of glucose and triglyceride in model group were significantly higher than those in normal control group(<0.05). As compared with the model group, the glucose level was significantly decreased in gliclazide(GLZ) group, SM medium(SM-M) and high(SM-H) dose groups(<0.05, <0.01); the triglyceride level was significantly decreased in GLZ group and SM-H group(<0.05, <0.01). By principal component analysis(PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis(PLS-DA), the metabolic level of model ones was recovered to a certain degree after intervention by aerial parts of SM. Seventeen marker compounds and four major metabolic pathways were obtained by screening differential metabolites, comparing literature and retrieving the database. The aerial parts of SM may regulate glycolipid metabolism through the impact on histidine metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, pentose and glucuronate interconversions, cysteine and methionine metabolism and glycerolipid metabolism. Extract from aerial parts of SM can regulate the glycolipid metabolism of D. melanogaster metabolic disorder model and make it return to normal condition. This paper provides reference for the value discovery and resource utilization of the aerial parts of S. miltiorrhiza.

Efficacy comparative analysis between part of ethyl acetate in aerial parts and roots of Astragali Radix based on metabolomics / 中草药

Objective To compare the efficacy between part of ethyl acetate in aerial parts and roots of Astragali Radix (AR), and to provide scientific evidences for the comprehensive utilization of aerial parts of Astragalus membranaceus (APAM). Methods An experimental mouse model of leucopenia was induced by cyclophosphamide, and efficacy indicators combined with NMR based on metabolomic approach were employed to compare the therapeutic effects of part of ethyl acetate in APAM and AR. Results Part of ethyl acetate in APAM and AR increased the contents of white blood cell (WBC), monocytes (MO), lymphocyte (LY), and neutrophils (NE). The levels of six potential endogenous metabolites (isoleucine, leucine, valine, arginine, creatine, and hypoxanthine) were reversed by part of ethyl acetate in APAM, and five potential endogenous metabolites (arginine, aspartate, creatine, GPC, and scyllo-Inositol) were reversed by part of ethyl acetate in AR. Efficacy indexes were 451.83 and 469.17. Conclusion Both parts of ethyl acetate in APAM and AR elevated WBC, the mechanisms of them on leukocytosis were probably related to energy metabolism, amino acids metabolism, choline metabolism, and purine metabolism.

Chemical constituents from aerial parts of Clematis manshurica / 中草药

Objective: To investigate the chemical constituents from the ethanol extract of aerial parts of Clematis manshurica. Methods: The compounds were isolated and purified by chromatography on silica gel, ODS, and preparative HPLC. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic methods, including MS, 1D, and 2D NMR spectral techniques. Results: Seventeen compounds were isolated from the ethanol extract of the aerial parts of C. manshurica, and were identified as (+)-epipinoresinol (1), (+)-pinoresinol (2), (-)-episyringaresinol (3), (+)-medioresinol (4), (+)-pinoresinol-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (5), (+)-syringaresinol-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (6), (+)-episyringaresinol-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (7), matairesinol (8), (+)-lyoniresinol (9), (+)-isolariciresinol (10), (7R, 8R)-4, 7, 9, 9'-tetrahydroxy-3, 3'-diethoxy-8-O-4'-neolignan (11), (7R, 8S)-4, 7, 9, 9'-tetrahydroxy-3, 3'-diethoxy-8-O-4'-neolignan (12), (7S, 8R)-dihydrodehydroconiferyl alcohol (13), luteolin (14), 3″-O-(2‴- methylbutyryl) isoswertisin (15), 2″-O-(2‴-methylbutyryl) isoswertisin (16), and 6″-O-(2‴-methylbutyryl) isoswertisin (17). Conclusion: All compounds are obtained from the aerial parts of this plant for the first time, and compounds 1, 3, 4, 7-9, 11, 12, and 15-17 are firstly isolated from the plants of Clematis L.

Contribution for the phytochemical studies of Ageratum fastigiatum

Organic extracts from leaves plus branches plus inflorescences of Ageratum fastigiatum (Gardner) R. M. King & H. Rob., Asteraceae, were fractionated through classic chromatography. The steroids stigmasterol, chondrillasterol and campesterol were isolated from hexane extract. The triterpenes lupeol, taraxasterol, α-amyrin, β-amyrin, pseudotaraxasterol, lupeol acetate and α-amyrin acetate were isolated from ethyl acetate extract. Steroids and triterpenes were identified by GC-MS. The coumarin ayapin was isolated from ethanol extract and identified by NMR. Essential oils of the fresh leaves and fresh inflorescences were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed for GC-MS. The main components in both essential oils were α-pinene, limonene and germacrene D.

Chemical composition and antiproliferative activity of essential oil from aerial parts of a medicinal herb Artemisia herba-alba

Artemisia herba-alba Asso., Asteraceae, is widely used in Morrocan folk medicine for the treatment of different health disorders. However, no scientific or medical studies were carried out to assess the cytotoxicity of A. herba-alba essential oil against cancer cell lines. In this study, eighteen volatile compounds were identified by GC-MS analysis of the essential oil obtained from the plant's aerial parts. The main volatile constituent in A. herba-alba was found to be a monoterpene, Verbenol, contributing to about 22 percent of the total volatile components. The essential oil showed significant antiproliferative activity against the acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (CEM) cell line, with 3 µg/mL as IC50 value. The anticancer bioactivity of Moroccan A. herba-alba essential oil is described here for the first time.